Deconstruction project planning based on automatic acquisition and reconstruction of building information for existing buildings

As energetic, health and environmental requirements for buildings are changing, deconstruction of buildings in the course of retrofits or replacing construction is increasingly important. To plan change measures in existing buildings, buildings have to be audited manually which is associated with great effort. In our contribution, we propose and describe a combined system of a hardware sensor with software modules for building information acquisition, reconstruction and project planning. Furthermore, technical requirements, the acquired data, user interaction and system architecture are discussed. Our tool enables planner, experts or decision makers to inspect a building and at the same time digitally audit the building room by room. For this purpose, point clouds are acquired, analysed and a 3D building model is automatically derived to record it. Furthermore, the acquired data is automatically analysed in realtime to detect construction elements that are saved in a database. Then, based on the generated building element database building reconstruction and planning algorithms use the information for building inventorying and project planning. This allows integrated planning of decontamination, site clearance, and deconstruction activities, as well as to coordinate secondary raw material recovery, resources, logistics, material storage and recycling options time and cost efficiently onsite. Results from first field tests on acquisition, reconstruction and deconstruction planning are presented and discussed. Finally, a summary and a conclusion are given. This is followed by an outlook on potential future research and application areas

Deconstruction project planning based on automatic acquisition and reconstruction of building information for existing buildings

As energetic, health and environmental requirements for buildings are changing, deconstruction of buildings in the course of retrofits or replacing construction is increasingly important. To plan change measures in existing buildings, buildings have to be audited manually which is associated with great effort. In our contribution, we propose and describe a combined system of a hardware sensor with software modules for building information acquisition, reconstruction and project planning. Furthermore, technical requirements, the acquired data, user interaction and system architecture are discussed. Our tool enables planner, experts or decision makers to inspect a building and at the same time digitally audit the building room by room. For this purpose, point clouds are acquired, analysed and a 3D building model is automatically derived to record it. Furthermore, the acquired data is automatically analysed in realtime to detect construction elements that are saved in a database. Then, based on the generated building element database building reconstruction and planning algorithms use the information for building inventorying and project planning. This allows integrated planning of decontamination, site clearance, and deconstruction activities, as well as to coordinate secondary raw material recovery, resources, logistics, material storage and recycling options time and cost efficiently onsite. Results from first field tests on acquisition, reconstruction and deconstruction planning are presented and discussed. Finally, a summary and a conclusion are given. This is followed by an outlook on potential future research and application areas

ResourceApp – Entwicklung eines mobilen Systems zur Erfassung und Erschließung von Ressourceneffizienzpotenzialen beim Rückbau von Infrastruktur und Produkten

Der Anteil an Bau- und Abbruchabfällen beträgt mit rund 200 Mio. t mehr als 50 % der jährlich anfallenden Abfälle in Deutschland [Statistik Portal 2015]. Dabei sind Rückbau- und Abbruchprojekte durch einen großen Zeit- und Kostendruck gekennzeichnet. Bei der heute üblichen Erfassung von Rückbauobjekten durch Begehung werden die verbauten, oft wert- haltigen Materialien grob geschätzt, was zu einer großen Abweichung zur tatsächlichen Mate- rialzusammensetzung führen kann. Dennoch dienen diese Schätzwerte zurzeit als Grundlage für das Angebot und die Projekt- und Verwertungsplanung der Rückbauunternehmer. Im Projekt ResourceApp wurde ein Demonstrator entwickelt, der erstmals die mobile, drei- dimensionale (3D) und semantische Erfassung von Gebäuden und Bauteilen und eine an- schließende Umbau- oder Rückbauplanung in Echtzeit ermöglicht. Das System besteht aus einem Sensor und Software-Modulen auf einem Laptop, die die Da- tenverarbeitung der Sensordaten erlauben, um das Rohstoffpotenzial eines Gebäudes zu be- stimmen und dessen Rückbau zu planen. Für das Gebäudeaudit wird der Innenraum erfasst und in 3D rekonstruiert sowie dessen Inventar bestimmt. Notwendige Rückbaumaßnahmen zur Wiedergewinnung der Rohstoffe werden ermittelt und geplant und daraus die Rückge- winnungskosten der Materialien bestimmt. Im Fall des Praxistests, des Krankenhauses von Bad Pyrmont, wurde das Gebäude mit dem Sensor aufgenommen, automatisiert inventarisiert und nach der Begehung rückgebaut. In der Praxis war es möglich, große Bauteile (Wände, Decken, Böden, Türen, Fenster) mit der App zu erkennen. Aufgrund schwieriger Raumgeometrien (kleine, verwinkelte und langgestreckte gleichförmige Räume), die die Aufnahme mit dem Kinect-Sensor erschwerten, konnten aber ca. 20 % der großen Bauteile nicht erkannt werden. Zudem konnte ein Großteil der zu erken- nenden Anschlüsse (wie Steckdosen), die Rückschlüsse auf die technische Gebäudeausstattung und somit auf die werthaltigen Rohstoffe des Gebäudes geben sollten, nicht erkannt werden. Hier besteht weiterer erheblicher Forschungsbedarf, da die eingesetzten Sensoren eine noch nicht ausreichende Auflösung aufweisen. Koordiniert wurde das Projekt ResourceApp vom Fraunhofer-Institut für Chemische Tech- nologie ICT. Weitere Partner waren das Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverarbei- tung IGD, das Institut für Industriebetriebslehre und Industrielle Produktion IIP des Karlsru- her Instituts für Technologie KIT, die Abbruch- bzw. Sanierungsunternehmen Werner Otto GmbH und COSAWA Sanierung GmbH sowie das Umwelt-Beratungsbüro GPB Arke

Industrie 4.0: Cyber-physical Equivalence

Our concept is called Cyber-physical Equivalence (CPE) and it contributes to the implementation of the Smart Factory

Virtuelles Montagetraining durch nahtlose Integration von Produkt- und Produktionsdaten

Virtual assembly training systems show a high potential to reduce time and costs associated with the physical setups for training of assembly processes in and beyond the automotive industry. We present a system design approach taken during the development of a game-based, virtual training system for procedural assembly knowledge in the EU-FP7 project VISTRA

Im Wissensnetz: Linked Information Processes in Research Networks

At first glance, it seems to be quite surprising that so far traditional business process-oriented knowledge management techniques have not been transferred to research in order to improve the efficiency of scientific work on a larger scale. But due to the high variability and unpredictability of scientific work processes, these techniques are not applicable. In fact scientific work processes have to be understood as a network of informal learning processes with a high level of social in-teraction. For this purpose, we have elaborated the model of a "Knowledge-Added Process" as a new paradigm of process-oriented support. We are developing various models, methods, and tools on the basis of semantic technologies supporting this process, and which are exemplified within three scenarios within the application domain "rapid prototyping"

Erkennung und Erschließung von Rohstoffpotentialen aus dem Hochbau

Durch die Kombination von 3D-Rekonstruktion, Bilderkennung und Semantischen Technologien soll für ressourceneffiziente Rückbau- und Abbruchmaßnahmen eine gebäudescharfe, aktuelle, kurzfristig verfügbare und vor allem verlässliche Datenbasis bereitgestellt werden, auf der wirksame Verwertungsstrategien für Wertstoffe aus dem Baubereich aufsetzen. Dies ist insbesondere für Bereiche äußerst relevant, für die derzeit keine Schätzwerte (z. B. Stahl aus Nichtwohngebäuden) oder nur große Schätz-Intervalle (z. B. Kupfer im Gebäudebestand) existieren

Enabling virtual assembly training in and beyond the automotive industry

Virtual assembly training systems show a high potential to complement or even replace physical setups for training of assembly processes in and beyond the automotive industry. The precondition for the breakthrough of virtual training is that it overcomes the problems of former approaches. The paper presents the design approach taken during the development of a game-based, virtual training system for procedural assembly knowledge in the EU-FP7 project VISTRA. One key challenge to address when developing virtual assembly training is the extensive authoring effort for setting up virtual environments. Although knowledge from the product and manufacturing design is available and could be used for virtual training, a concept for integration of this data is still missing. This paper presents the design of a platform which transfers available enterprise data into a unified model for virtual training and thus enables virtual training of workers at the assembly line before the physical prototypes exist. The data requirements and constraints stemming from industrial partners involved in the project will be discussed. A second hurdle for virtual training is the insufficient user integration and acceptance. In this context, the paper introduces an innovative hardware set-up for game-based user interaction, which has been chosen to enhance user involvement and acceptance of virtual training

A product design ontology for enhancing shape processing in design workflows

Effective and efficient information management and knowledge sharing has become an essential part of more and more professional tasks in the Product Development Process. Among the varius Knowledge Management technologies, ontologies offer new possibilities for representing, handling and retrieving product related knowledge, and for online collaboration. We conceived a Product Design Ontology (PDO) which especially addresses researchers in industrial product design and engineering analysis who need to share shape data and to develop software tools. In particular, we formalised the task-specific information associated to a shape, and the functionality and usage of shape processing methods in specific tasks of the design workflow. The PDO, thanks to the ontologydriven metadata on shapes and tools, may be also useful in industry on the one hand for training and for retrieving shape-related information, on the other hand for supporting benchmarking of processing tools and gathering the knowledge about shape processing workflows.Science Foundation Ireland; Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering & Technolog